So, what is site planning and design anyways? What’s the point of it? And now that you mention it, who makes site plans? After reading this article, you will know the answers to these questions, understand the value of a site plan, and be able to determine if you need one.
We will review the following topics:
- Site Planning Definition
- Site Plan Goals
- Common elements of a Site Plan
- Regulations and Permitting
- Design Team
- Site Plan Team Leader – Landscape Architect
- Value of a Site Plan
- Do you need a site plan?
Site Planning Definition
In basic terms, a site plan places a man-made or built system on top of a natural system. A simple example is a house built on a piece of land. A site plan would graphically show how the house sits on the piece of land.
Good site planning is a process that evaluates a unique project site, determines what uses or activities can occur there, and then arranges those uses and activities in a way that works efficiently and safely. Often, site planning involves placing and arranging buildings, roads, parking, and other site features in a way that results in the greatest benefit to the users, while having the least negative impact on the environment.
Site Plan Goals
- Meet the functional requirement of the users efficiently and economically
- Provide a safe environment
- Integrate with any surrounding sites, buildings, or projects
- Create spaces that improve quality of life
- Utilize energy-efficient design to optimize energy conservation
- Protect the environment to the greatest extent possible
- Create visually appealing designs
- Take advantage of the natural features of the site.
Common Elements of a Site Plan
Below are some common elements and factors considered in site planning:
- Siting and orientation of the buildings
- Development regulations (setbacks, easements, buffers, etc.)
- Vehicular circulation (driveways, parking, etc.)
- Pedestrian circulation, walkways, and gathering spaces
- Adequate grading and drainage
- Accounting for climate and weather of the site
- Location and availability of utilities (water, electrical, sewer, etc.)
- Protection of natural features
Regulations and Permitting
Site planning and design must be done per the applicable codes and regulations of the project site. Federal, State, and local governments have land development and building codes that provide regulations on requirements that must be met. These regulations vary with different land uses and zoning classifications, but will dictate what you can and can’t do with a site.
Many municipalities have their land development codes online and they can be found on the Municode Code Library website. If you are interested in doing research on your property, that website is a great starting point.
Therefore, it is important to hire a professional that knows the current regulations, understands the project’s functional needs, and can blend these into a successful design.
Most regulatory agencies require site plan drawings to be submitted for approval to their Review Boards before permits are issued for construction to begin. These drawings must be signed and sealed by a Registered Professional in that State. Landscape architects, Engineers, and Architects are considered registered professionals in most states.
Visit our Commercial Services page to see what Ethos Landscapes can offer for site planning and permitting services.
Design Team
Site planning should be done as a team since there are a variety of considerations. Taking a team approach allows the project to benefit from thoroughly considering all natural and built factors. Usually, the team will be made of a variety of specialists. This benefits the project since the team can effectively address all opportunities and challenges.
Landscape architects, architects, engineers, planners, and environmental professionals are example team members. Specific team composition will be driven by the type of project and what site functions will be needed. For example, if no buildings are proposed for the site, then an architect may not be part of the team.
Site Plan Team Leader – Landscape Architect
Many times, landscape architects serve in leadership roles for many site planning and design projects. They are educated and trained in site planning principles. Most landscape architecture educational programs provide cross-training in design, construction, art, and environmental studies. The result is an individual that can ensure that a site plan design considers every angle.
A landscape architect brings a unique ability to combine beauty and functionality into a cohesive design. They blend the oftentimes rigid engineering, architecture, and construction requirements into an artistic solution that creates a pleasant sense of place, while still meeting all the functional requirements.
To obtain licensure as a Landscape Architect, many states require an examination on site planning knowledge and skill as one of the many exam modules. Licensure requires professionals to consider the health, safety, and welfare of users in their design. This provides value to citizens and clients who can trust that a Landscape Architect will provide expertise in developing plans.
Value of a Site Plan
There is tremendous value in developing a site plan with professional guidance. Most site planning processes include the creation of multiple concepts. This allows for dialogue between the design team and the owners as they evaluate the pros and cons of the concepts. It usually results in a final design that is well thought out, maximizes opportunities, addresses all the unique challenges, and meets the requirements.
In addition, creating a site plan allows the owner to have a master plan that can be constructed all at once or over time. Depending upon funding or time factors, site plans can be broken down into smaller parts. This allows for a project to be built over a longer time frame, but still, be working towards the master plan.
Do you need a Site Plan?
For you to determine if you need a site plan, consider the following questions:
If yes, you will most likely need a professionally designed site plan.
Knowing what you are allowed and not allowed to do with that property is valuable information to be considered before purchase.
A well-thought, professional site plan will ensure you get the best outcome for your needs.
If you have questions about site planning, need professional assistance, or want to discuss more, get in touch with us by visiting our Contact page.